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The Most Common Mistakes - Estate Planning

Friday, January 3, 2014

By Frank Miller


Your estate consists of the assets that you will pass on to your beneficiaries when you pass away. Estate planning means deciding where your assets will go when you die. It takes time, thought, and the knowledgeable assistance of a qualified attorney. Even if you diligently plan your estate on your own, it is easy to make mistakes. Mistakes can result in portions of your estate being unnecessarily taxed and assets going to the wrong beneficiaries.

This line made me realize that the "just one thing" in estate planning, like the movie, is different for each person. The true answer is the quintessential clich, "it depends". The purpose of this article will list some of the most important factors that people should consider. In the end, whatever your "just one thing" is should motivate you to take action and provide "Peace of Mind" for your loved ones. Avoiding Probate - This seems to be the relevant factor cited most frequently, although I disagree that it is the most important reason to plan. Probate in Arizona is not the costly, burdensome procedure that it is in some states like California or New York. Yes, it does cost some money, but in most cases the cost is only a few thousand dollars. The severity of probate depends largely on the make-up of the assets. The more "complicated assets" you have (ie Oil Leases, closely held family businesses, Partnerships, fractional interests in Real Estate, etc.) and the more states in which you own real estate, then you drive up the "Probate Meter" very quickly. If you own real property in more than one state, you will have to have a probate proceeding in each state, which means you will probably need an attorney in each state. But, if your assets are "simple", (a house, a car, some CDs) and primarily located in Arizona, then the "Probate Meter" is very low.

If you are concerned about whether or not you will need some estate planning tax help, but are not interested in paying an attorney until you are sure you will, your best option would be to find a good estate planning guide and study its it to determine if the total assets in your estate are likely to put it in the taxable category.

If you find that they are, it will be worth your while to discuss with an expert the estate planning tax strategies which will let you preserve as much of your assets as possible for your heirs. These strategies can include things placing your assets into a living so that you can control them during your lifetime, and prevent them from being included in your taxable estate when you die. Having a living trust will also benefit your heirs, because it will exempt you assets from being tied up in the expensive and lengthy probate process.

Restrictions and Incentives for Children - The key question here relates to the timing in which a child should gain unrestricted access, an outright distribution, to the assets after the death of both parents. We would all agree that if a child is a minor, then the assets should be controlled and restricted by an independent trustee for a period of time. What we may disagree on, is the appropriate age in which all restrictions and the independent trustee should be removed. Some clients say age 25, some say 30, and I have had many that say 50 or 60. My experience is that the older my clients are, the higher they will set the ages for their children to gain control. For example, if the kids are minors, then most couples will set the restriction to be lifted at age 30. However, if the couple is much older, and the kids are already over age 30, then these couples may set the restrictions to age 40 or 45. We may also want to build certain "incentives" into the estate plan. A common incentive is "if you earn a buck, then the trust will pay you another buck". So, you create an incentive for a child to go out and earn a living. Over the years, I have seen the destruction that is brought to a "trust fund baby". Money and inheritances can ruin a child and ruin a life. That is why many wealthy people will leave large portions of their wealth to charities, instead of their children (and yes, there are income tax advantages and estate tax advantages of doing this, but the primary reason would be to encourage the child to have a productive life). You may also want to provide incentives depending on if a child graduates from college or achieves some other educational benchmark. I do see the risk of using the trust as a "carrot" that is dangled in front of a child to be manipulative. But, some well thought out incentives can really go a long way to help a son or a daughter cope with the vicissitudes of life and be blessing to them, and not a curse.

Because life events, such as divorce, loss of job, etc., may change your assets, it is important to periodically revisit your plan to ensure that it is always current. Many people die without reviewing their assets, so their plans cannot be carried out as they had desired. By regularly reviewing your plan, you are able to help your beneficiaries inherit the assets you leave behind for them without having to fight for them in court or with other beneficiaries.




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